How Do I Know If My Puppy is Sick?

Bringing a new puppy home is a joyful experience — but it also comes with responsibility. Puppies, like human babies, can’t tell us when they’re not feeling well. That means it’s up to us, as pet parents, to recognize the signs of illness early. But how do you know if your puppy is sick? Let’s walk through the common warning signs, when to seek veterinary care, and how to keep your pup safe and healthy.

Why Puppies Get Sick More Easily

Puppies are naturally curious, chewing on shoes, tasting grass, and sniffing anything they find. While this helps them learn about the world, it also increases the risk of illness. On top of that, puppies have:

•    Immature immune systems → making them more vulnerable to infections.
•    Small bodies → so dehydration or blood loss affects them more quickly.
•    Developing digestion → which means stomach upsets are common.

Because their health can change rapidly, it’s important to keep a close eye on any shifts in behavior, energy, or appearance.

Common Signs Your Puppy May Be Sick

Not every sign means your puppy is seriously ill, but taken together, they can be important red flags. Watch for these changes:

1. Changes in Appetite or Thirst

•    Refusing food or water
•    Drinking excessively (could signal diabetes or kidney issues)
•    Sudden overeating or loss of interest in meals

2. Lethargy or Low Energy

Healthy puppies are usually playful and curious. If your puppy is unusually tired, weak, or uninterested in toys, it may be a sign of illness.

3. Digestive Upsets

•    Vomiting (especially multiple times in a day)
•    Diarrhea (loose, watery, or bloody stools)
•    Constipation or straining to poop

These can be caused by parasites, dietary indiscretion (eating something they shouldn’t), or more serious infections like parvovirus.

4. Coughing, Sneezing, or Breathing Trouble

•    Persistent coughing or gagging
•    Runny nose with thick discharge
•    Difficulty breathing or wheezing

These may point to respiratory infections, allergies, or even pneumonia.

5. Abnormal Gum and Eye Color

•    Pale gums → possible anemia or blood loss
•    Yellow gums/eyes → liver problems
•    Blue or purple gums → lack of oxygen

Healthy puppy gums should be pink and moist.

6. Skin and Coat Problems

•    Excessive scratching or licking
•    Bald patches or redness
•    Fleas, ticks, or visible parasites

A dull coat or flaky skin can also suggest nutritional issues.

7. Behavioral Changes

•    Whining more than usual
•    Hiding or avoiding touch
•    Acting restless or uncomfortable

Since puppies can’t speak, behavior changes are often the first clue something is wrong.

Emergencies That Require Immediate Vet Care

Some symptoms are urgent and should never be ignored. Call your vet right away if your puppy has:

•    Repeated vomiting or diarrhea, especially with blood
•    Refusal to eat or drink for more than 24 hours
•    Seizures or unresponsiveness
•    Trouble breathing or constant coughing
•    A swollen belly that feels hard or painful
•    Sudden collapse or extreme weakness

Puppies can decline quickly, so it’s better to be safe than sorry.

How to Check Your Puppy’s Vital Signs at Home

Learning to do a quick health check can help you spot problems early. Here’s what to look for:

•    Temperature: Normal is 101–102.5°F (38.3–39.2°C). Higher may mean fever.
•    Heart Rate: 120–160 beats per minute (feel on the chest behind the front leg).
•    Respiration: 15–40 breaths per minute at rest.
•    Gums: Pink and moist with capillary refill time under 2 seconds (press gently and see how fast color returns).

If anything is outside the normal range, consult your veterinarian.

Preventing Illness in Puppies

The best way to protect your puppy is through prevention:

•    Vaccinations: Follow your vet’s schedule for core vaccines.
•    Deworming: Regular parasite control prevents worms, fleas, and ticks.
•    Nutrition: Feed high-quality puppy food for proper growth.
•    Safe environment: Puppy-proof your home to keep toxic foods and objects out of reach.
•    Regular check-ups: Schedule wellness visits with your vet to catch problems early.

 

Overall…

So, how do you know if your puppy is sick? The answer lies in watching for changes — in appetite, energy, digestion, breathing, and behavior. Puppies can’t explain what’s wrong, but their bodies and actions tell the story. If you’re ever unsure, trust your instincts. It’s always better to call your veterinarian and be reassured than to wait and risk your puppy’s health. With early attention and proper care, most puppy illnesses can be treated, ensuring your little companion grows into a strong, happy dog.